安装Gentoo

准备工作

准备一个 U 盘
下载 ubuntu 或其他发行版最新版本的 livcd/installmedia https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
dd bs=4M if=/path/to/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress oflag=sync 将 ubuntu installmedia 安装到 U 盘中
使用 ubuntu installmedia 启动，选择 try without install，联网并打开 gentoo amd64_handbook 参考

分区

分区列表

    sda1    /boot      vfat                         >=256M          #注意分区设置flags为esp
    sda2    /          ext4,btrfs,xfs,jfs.etc       remaining space

分区操作

    parted -a optimal /dev/sdx
    # 设置gpt label
    (parted)mklabel gpt
    # 设置单位为Mib
    (parted)unit mib
    # 设置boot分区
    # esp is an alias for boot on GPT
    (parted) mkpart primary fat32 1 257
    (parted) set 1 esp on
    (parted) name 1 boot
    # 设置root分区
    # For one other partition using 100% of remaining space
    (parted) mkpart primary btrfs 257 100%
    (parted) name 2 rootfs
    # 检查分区是否正确
    (parted) print

    # 格式化分区
    mkfs.vfat /dev/sdx1
    mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdx2

安装

下载 stage3 并解压

    # 检查并同步时间
    # TODO
    date; ntpd -q -g
    # 或手动设置时间 eg:设置为2020年2月23日22点15分
    # Use the MMDDhhmmYYYY syntax (Month, Day, hour, minute and Year).
    date 022322152020

    # 挂载rootfs
    mkdir /mnt/gentoo
    mount /dev/sdx2 /mnt/gentoo

    # 下载stage3到/mnt/gentoo https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/
    cd /mnt/gentoo; wget <PASTED_STAGE_URL>
    # 验证其有效性
    # https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Media#Verifying_the_downloaded_files
    gpg --keyserver hkps://hkps.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 0xBB572E0E2D182910
    # or
    wget -O- https://gentoo.org/.well-known/openpgpkey/hu/wtktzo4gyuhzu8a4z5fdj3fgmr1u6tob?l=releng | gpg --import

    # https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Stage#Verifying_and_validating
    openssl dgst -r -sha512 stage3-amd64-<release>.tar.?(bz2|xz)
    openssl dgst -r -whirlpool stage3-amd64-<release>.tar.?(bz2|xz)
    gpg --verify stage3-amd64-<release>.tar.?(bz2|xz){.DIGESTS.asc,}

    # 解压stage3到/mnt/gentoo
    tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner

挂载分区

    # cp DNS info
    cp --dereference /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

    mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
    mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
    mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys
    mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
    mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev

    # debian系系统需要
    test -L /dev/shm && rm /dev/shm && mkdir /dev/shm
    mount --types tmpfs --options nosuid,nodev,noexec shm /dev/shm
    chmod 1777 /dev/shm

    mount /dev/sdx1 /boot
    mount ....
    etc

    # Or use init.sh script

进入 chroot 环境安装

    chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
    source /etc/profile
    export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

配置 gentoo

配置 make.conf

    # TODO
    git clone git@github.com:PetrusZ/AutoBackup.git

    cd AutoBackup
    ./restore_config.sh desktop portage

Sync ebuild repos

TODO git?

emerge-websync

Choose profile

eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/systemd

配置杂项

    # Timezone
    echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
    emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data

    # locales
    # Add `zh_CN ISO-8859-1` & `zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8` to /etc/locales.gen
    # And only enable `en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8` & `zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8`
    vim /etc/locale.gen
    locale-gen
    eselect locale set en_US.utf8

    # reload environment
    env-update && source /etc/profile && export PS1="(chroot) ${PS1}"

TODO proxy

安装/更新

    emerge -avt dev-vcs/git vim ccache
    emerge --sync

    # update world前可能需要注释掉make.conf中的VIDEO_CARDS
    emerge -avuDN --with-bdeps=y @world
    dispatch-conf
    emerge @preserved-rebuild

    # 安装显卡驱动
    emerge -avt nvidia-drivers

配置/安装内核

eselect kernel, and use genkernall all for now.

Or just install gentoo-kernel-bin

配置系统

    # /etc/fstab
    # 详细信息可查看fstab文件中的注释和wiki https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Fstab
    /dev/sda1       /boot       vfat        defaults,noatime        0 2
    /dev/sda2       /           btrfs       noatime                 0 1
    /swapfile       none        swap        defaults                0 0

    # Network
    Use NetworkManager, it is out of box.

    # Use Backup4Config restore/install system configura files
    cd Backup4config
    ./restore_config.sh desktop system

    # Add user and set passwd
    passwd root
    # 先创建用户，然后再恢复用户配置
    useradd -m -G wheel,floppy,audio,cdrom,video,docker,libvirt,usb,users,portage,wireshark <username>
    passwd <username>

    # Edit /etc/sudoers
    EDITOR=vim visudo
    ## Uncomment to allow members of group wheel to execute any command
    %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

    # Swapfile https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file
    fallocate -l 16G /swapfile
    chmod 600 /swapfile
    mkswap /swapfile
    swapon /swapfile
    # TODO resume? grub? btrfs?

    # ssh root登陆
    sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    # comment `PermitRootLogin prohibit-password`
    # and add `PermitRootLogin yes` below

    # Use Backup4Config restore/install system configura files
    cd AutoBackup/backup_desktop
    ./install.sh system

配置 bootloader

    # Use Backup4config to edit /etc/default/grub
    # bootloader使用grub:# bootloader使用grub:2
    grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=Gentoo
    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

User configura

    su petrus
    # run below commands as user
    # Use Backup4Config restore/install user configura files
    cd AutoBackup
    ./restore_config.sh desktop user
    chsh -s /bin/bash <username>

Reboot

Reboot 前先检查系统：

boot 目录是否有相应文件
GRUB 是否正确生成配置并显示内核等文件
fstab 是否正确无误

rm /stage3-*.tar.*

umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}
umount -R /mnt/gentoo

reboot

# set hostname
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
# set ntp & timezone
timedatectl set-ntp true
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
# set keymap for virtual console
localectl set-keymap personal

# Use Backup4Config install vim, zsh and tmux plugin
cd AutoBackup/backup_desktop
./install.sh user
# Open vim and type `:PlugInstall`
# Open tmux and press prefix + I (capital i, as in Install) to fetch the plugin.

# 再次检查系统是否正常
# 查看wifi列表
nmcli device wifi list
# 连接wifi
nmcli device wifi connect <SSID> passworld <password>

安装Gentoo

目录

准备工作

分区

分区列表

分区操作

安装

配置 gentoo

配置 make.conf

Sync ebuild repos

Choose profile

配置杂项

TODO proxy

安装/更新

配置/安装内核

配置系统

配置 bootloader

User configura

Reboot